초록

시민의 자발적 동기로 조직된 NGO가 생산하는 기록은 시민 사회의 기억이며, 단순한 행정의 산물을 넘어 조직의 존립을 위한 증거로서의 기능을 수행한다. 이 연구는 NGO의 체계적 기록관리를 위한 토대가 되고 온라인 기록정보서비스를 위한 참고자료로 기능하여 시민 사회 활동을 보존하고 기록 이용을 활성화하는 데 기여하고자 UN 경제사회이사회의 협의적 지위를 부여받은 국내외 5,725개의 NGO를 대상으로 온라인 기록정보서비스 현황을 조사하고 이 중 10개의 NGO를 선정하여 온라인 기록정보서비스를 심층 분석하였다. 조사의 결과 실물 및 디지털 아카이브를 제공하는 NGO는 모두 75개로 NGO 온라인 기록정보서비스는 활성화되지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 심층 분석 결과 국내 NGO는 실물 기록의 접근, 기록물 이용 지침을 보완하고 1:1 문의, Q&A, 연구 및 교육 지원 등의 서비스를 운영하여 적극적인 기록정보서비스를 제공할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 국외 NGO는 온라인 전문 열람 서비스를 확대하고 기록물을 활용한 확장 서비스를 다양화할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자체 기록정보서비스가 어려운 NGO는 기록의 이관 및 활동 분야별 통합 기록정보서비스 운영의 고려도 필요함을 확인하였다.

Abstract

Beyond being mere administrative products for their functional running, records produced by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and arranged voluntarily by citizens are memories of civil society. Online information services are expanding in the archives sector, but it is not easy to provide services with a limited budget from activist NGOs. Besides, there has never been a case study of information services for NGOs, resulting in a lack of basic data. Therefore, this study surveyed the status of online information services of 5,725 NGOs that have a UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) consultative status. Furthermore, it conducted an in-depth analysis of 10 selected NGOs to contribute to preserving civil society activities and promoting the use of their records. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, 75 out of 5,725 NGOs had physical and digital archives. Second, domestic NGOs must supplement their policy of accessing and using physical records and operate 1:1 inquiries and Q&A services to provide active record information services. Overseas NGOs must consider expanding online full-text and outreach services using records. Third and last, NGOs that have difficulty providing records information services should consider the services from an integrated standpoint according to the field of activities and transfer.

초록

2004년 9월 ‘국회전자문서시스템’이 도입된 이래, 국회 전자기록물 생산은 매년 급증하고 있다. 2011년 9월 현재 ‘국회기록관리시스템’이 인수받은 전자기록물은 전체 이관기록의 72%인 24만여 건에 달한다. 하지만 국회 전자기록물의 장기적 관리와 보존을 책임져야 할 국회 전자기록물 관리체계는 많은 문제점을 노정하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 국회전자기록물의 효율적 관리와 보존을 위해 전자기록물 관리체계의 개선이 시급하다는 인식 아래, 이에 대한 개선방안을 논의하는 데 목적을 둔다. 이론 연구로서 의회기록의 정의와 관리체계의 변화를 살펴보고, 우리 국회의 전자기록물관리 현황을 법령, 관리주체, 관리대상, 관리시스템 연혁, 관리시스템 프로세스, 관리시스템 기능의 영역으로 나누어 분석한다. 이를 바탕으로 국회기록보존소를 중심으로 한 국회 전자기록물 관리체계를 해외 의회기록관리기관의 사례와 함께 비판적으로 분석한다. 결론에 갈음하여, 국회 기록관리주체의 독립성․전문성 강화, 관리대상 기록물의 확대․통합, 법령 개정, 시스템 고도화라는 4가지 개선방안을 법제도 영역과 시스템 영역으로 크게 구분하여 제안한다.

Abstract

Since ‘the National Assembly Electronic Document System’ was introduced in September 2004, the amount of electronic records production in the Nation Assembly has been on a rapid increase. The number of electronic records which ‘the National Assembly Records Management System’ took over until September 2011 is ‘240,000’, 72% of the total transferred records. However, the National Assembly's electronic records management has a number of serious problems concerning electronic records long-term management and preservation. In the context, this study aims at discussing alternative strategies for effective management and preservation of the Nation Assembly electronic records. In the theoretical aspect, it reviews ‘parliament records’ definition and management trend. As a case study, it explores the present state of ‘the National Assembly Records Management System’ ranging from legal aspects to technical aspects. Based on these researches the study critically analyzes the Nation Assembly’s electronic records management in comparison with overseas cases. As a result it provides alternative plans of four major areas, including law, management body, management object and technical system, to improve the National Assembly’s electronic records management.

초록

본 연구는 저작권법 제24조의2의 도입 취지에 맞추어 공공저작물인 정부간행물을 자유롭게 이용할 수 있도록 기록관리 과정에서 저작권정보를 관리하는 방안을 제안하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 중앙행정기관의 기록관리, 정부간행물담당자 및 처리과의 정부간행물 간행경험이 있는 업무담당자 17명을 대상으로 2022년 4월 4일 ~ 6월 13일까지 이메일 면담을 진행하여 정부간행물의 저작권정보 생산 및 관리현황과 문제점을 파악하였다. 이를 기반으로 첫째, 공공저작물에 공공누리 1 유형 적용을 의무화하도록 저작권법을 개정할 것, 둘째, 저작권정보 생산 및 관리의 효율을 위하여 기관 내 정부간행물 저작권정보관리 협업체계를 구축할 것, 셋째, 원저작자정보, 저작권자, 저작권 보호기간, 저작재산권 양도여부, 공공저작물 여부, 공공저작물 미적용사유 등 공공저작물의 저작권정보를 업무관리, 기록관리, 영구기록물관리시스템을 통하여 관리할 것, 넷째, 정부간행물 발간등록번호 신청과정에서 공공저작물 저작권정보를 제공하여 발간과 동시에 국가기록원에서 원문공개서비스가 이루어지도록 할 것 등을 제안하였다.

Abstract

This study aims to suggest measures for handling copyright information on government publications during records and archives management to use them freely as public works according to Article 24-2 of the Copyright Act in Korea. Through email interviews with 17 records managers, persons in charge of government publication management, and government staff with experience in production from April 4 to June 13, 2022, this study determined the current situations and problems related to producing and managing copyright information on government publications. Based on the interview findings, this research suggested the following. First, Article 24-2 of the Copyright Act must be revised to apply the Korea Open Government License (KOGL) type 1 mandatorily to all public works. Second, a cooperative system for managing copyright information on government publications should be established to improve their production and management effectiveness. Third, copyright information, such as authors, copyright holders, copyright duration, information on the copyright property transfer, public works status, and reasons for nonpublic works, must be managed through records and archives management systems. Fourth and last, information on public works must be provided during the registration number application for government publication so that everyone can access the full texts of the publications on the National Archives of Korea website.

초록

기술혁신을 통한 국가경쟁력 강화를 목적으로 연구개발 투자 규모가 증가하고 있으며, 투자 효율성에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 기록관리 분야에서는 국가기록원이 2008년부터 국가연구개발사업을 주도하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 2008년부터 2022년까지의 국가기록원 용역 연구과제 111건을 대상으로 수행주체, 성과, 주제 등의 측면에서 기록관리 분야 연구개발사업을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 연구 수행주체는 중소기업, 연구성과는 학술발표가 가장 많았으며, 연구보고서의 성과와 실제 성과 간 일부 차이가 있었다. 연구 주제 측면에서 기록물 형태는 종이문서, 국가기록원 업무 중에서는 전자적 관리체계 구축, 기록관리 업무 과정과 연구과제별 중심단어 빈도 기준으로는 보존에 대한 연구가 주로 수행된 것으로 나타났다. 디지털 전환 관련 빅데이터 활용과 지능형 기술 개발의 측면에서는 111개 과제 중 9%인 10건이 해당하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 연구 사업 종료 후에도 성과에 대한 사후 관리를 통해 연구개발사업의 효과성을 높여야 할 것이며, 연구 주제에 있어서는 보존 이외의 이관, 분류, 평가, 생산, 수집 등에 대한 연구와 디지털 전환에 대응하는 연구의 필요성을 확인하였다.

Abstract

The scale of research and development (R&D) investment is increasing to strengthen national competitiveness through technological innovation, leading to an increased interest in investment efficiency. In records management, the National Archives of Korea has been leading the national research and development project since 2008. Accordingly, this study analyzed R&D projects in records management regarding implementing organization, performance or outcomes, and subjects, targeting 111 National Archives of Korea contract research projects from 2008 to 2022. The analysis showed that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were the most likely to conduct research, the majority of the research outcomes were academic publications, and there were some discrepancies between the reported performance in research and the actual performance. In terms of research subjects, the most common type of records are paper or print documents, establishing an electronic management system among the National Archives’ works. In terms of the frequency of keywords in the records management process and research projects, it was found that research was mainly conducted on “preservation.” Meanwhile, only 10 cases, or 9% of the 111 projects, were found to be relevant in terms of utilizing big data and developing intelligent technologies related to digital transformation. Therefore, the effectiveness of the R&D project must be improved through follow-up management of the results even after the research project is completed. In addition, in terms of research topics, it was identified that aside from “preservation,” studies focusing on “transfer,” “classification,” “evaluation,” and “collection,” as well as research that responds to digital transformation, are needed.

초록

Abstract

This study investigates the current preservation and management of four records and documentary heritage in Korea that is in the UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The study analyzes their problems and corresponding solutions in digitizing those world records heritages. This study also reviews additional four documentary books in Korea that are in the wish list to add to UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. This study is organized as the following: Chapter 2 examines the value and meanings of world records and documentary heritage in Korea. The registry requirements and procedures of UNESCO's Memory of the World Register are examined. The currently registered records of Korea include Hunmin-Chongum, the Annals of the Choson Dynasty, the Diaries of the Royal Secretariat (Seungjeongwon Ilgi), and Buljo- Jikji-Simche-Yojeol (vol. Ⅱ). These records heritage's worth and significance are carefully analyzed. For example, Hunmin-Chongum(「訓民正音」) is consisted of unique and systematic letters. Letters were delicately explained with examples in its original manual at the time of letter's creation, which is an unparalleled case in the world documentary history. The Annals of the Choson Dynasty(「朝鮮王朝實錄」) are the most comprehensive historic documents that contain the longest period of time in history. Their truthfulness and reliability in describing history give credits to the annals. The Royal Secretariat Diary (called Seungjeongwon-Ilgi(「承政院日記」)) is the most voluminous primary resources in history, superior to the Annals of Choson Dynasty and Twenty Five Histories in China. Jikji(「直指」) is the oldest existing book published by movable metal print sets in the world. It evidences the beginning of metal printing in the world printing history and is worthy of being as world heritage. The review of the four registered records confirms that they are valuable world documentary heritage that transfers culture of mankind to next generations and should be preserved carefully and safely without deterioration or loss. Chapter 3 investigates the current status of preservation and management of three repositories that store the four registered records in Korea. The repositories include Kyujanggak Archives in Seoul National University, Pusan Records and Information Center of National Records and Archives Service, and Gansong Art Museum. The quality of their preservation and management are excellent in all of three institutions by the following aspects: 1) detailed security measures are close to perfection 2) archiving practices are very careful by using a special stack room in steady temperature and humidity and depositing it in stack or archival box made of paulownia tree and 3) fire prevention, lighting, and fumigation are thoroughly prepared. Chapter 4 summarizes the status quo of digitization projects of records heritage in Korea. The most important issue related to digitization and database construction on Korean records heritage is likely to set up the standardization of digitization processes and facilities. It is urgently necessary to develop comprehensive standard systems for digitization. Two institutions are closely interested in these tasks: 1) the National Records and Archives Service experienced in developing government records management systems; and 2) the Cultural Heritage Administration interested in digitization of Korean old documents. In collaboration of these two institutions, a new standard system will be designed for digitizing records heritage on Korean Studies. Chapter 5 deals with additional Korean records heritage in the wish list for UNESCO's Memory of the World Register, including: 1) Wooden Printing Blocks(經板) of Koryo-Taejangkyong(高麗大藏經) in Haein Temple(海印寺); 2) Dongui-Bogam(「東醫寶鑑」) 3) Samguk-Yusa(「三國遺事」) and 4) Mugujeonggwangdaedaranigyeong(「無垢淨光大다羅尼經」). Their world value and importance are examined as followings. Wooden Printing Blocks of Koryo-Taejangkyong in Haein Temple is the worldly oldest wooden printing block of cannon of Buddhism that still exist and was created over 750 years ago. It needs a special conservation treatment to disinfect germs residing in surface and inside of wooden plates. Otherwise, it may be damaged seriously. For its effective conservation and preservation, we hope that UNESCO and Government will schedule special care and budget and join the list of Memory of the Word Register. Dongui-Bogam is the most comprehensive and well-written medical book in the Korean history, summarizing all medical books in Korea and China from the Ancient Times through the early 17th century and concentrating on Korean herb medicine and prescriptions. It is proved as the best clinical guidebook in the 17th century for doctors and practitioners to easily use. The book was also published in China and Japan in the 18th century and greatly influenced the development of practical clinic and medical research in Asia at that time. This is why Dongui Bogam is in the wish list to register to the Memory of the World. Samguk-Yusa is evaluated as one of the most comprehensive history books and treasure sources in Korea, which illustrates foundations of Korean people and covers histories and cultures of ancient Korean peninsula and nearby countries. The book contains the oldest fixed form verse, called Hyang-Ka(鄕歌), and became the origin of Korean literature. In particular, the section of Gi-ee(紀異篇) describes the historical processes of dynasty transition from the first dynasty Gochosun(古朝鮮) to Goguryeo(高句麗) and illustrates the identity of Korean people from its historical origin. This book is worthy of adding to the Memory of the World Register. Mugujeonggwangdaedaranigyeong is the oldest book printed by wooden type plates, and it is estimated to print in between 706 and 751. It contains several reasons and evidence to be worthy of adding to the list of the Memory of the World. It is the greatest documentary heritage that represents the first wooden printing book that still exists in the world as well as illustrates the history of wooden printing in Korea.