초록

기록관·도서관·박물관은 각자가 다루는 자원은 다르지만 서비스 부문에서는 여러 공통점을 지니고 있다. 특히 교육 분야에서는 다양한 자료와 관점을 아우르는 통합적인 서비스가 필요하기 때문에 향후 각 문화유산기관들은 효율적인 교육서비스를 제공하기 위해 서로 협력할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 협력의 필요성을 제고하고, 국외와 국내에서 문화유산기관이 협력하여 서비스를 제공한 사례를 분석했다. 특히 각 기관에서 이루어지는 교육서비스의 현황을 분석함으로써 그 공통점과 특화된 영역을 제시하여 향후 교육서비스 모형을 개발할 때 참고할 수 있도록 설명하고자 했다. 이러한 분석을 바탕으로 국내에서 문화유산기관의 협력을 활성화시키기 위한 방안을 제시하고, ADDIE모형을 적용한 개발 프로세스를 통해 교육서비스 모형을 제시했다.

Abstract

Traditionally, archives, libraries, and museums have been known to have common responsibilities in providing public service, despite of their differences in the nature of holdings. Recently, these institutions, which are keeping archival materials, increasingly collaborate with each other to provide effective integrated user service in educational programs. The study highlights the importance of collaboration among cultural institutions and analyzes the exemplary cases inside and outside Korea. By analyzing the current educational services conducted by the institutions, focusing on weaknesses and strengths, the authors mention that the analysis results can be referred to them when developing a model of educational services. Based on the analysis, this study finally offers a plan to activate the collaboration of cultural heritage institutions in Korea and develop a model for educational services using the ADDIE model.

초록

본 연구는 박물관 · 도서관 · 아카이브의 대표적 협력기구인 영국 MLA의 조직적 특성과 활동을 분석했다. 특히, 문화유산기구의 활동과 사회적 통합이라는 정부정책의 연관성을 제시하고자 했다. 더불어 국가차원의 문화협력기구 설립이 아카이브 영역에 어떠한 영향을 미치고 있는지를 중점적으로 설명하고자 했다. MLA 사례는 미미한 단계인 국내 문화유산기구 간 협력모색을 위한 중요한 시사점을 제공해 주리라 기대한다.

Abstract

This study analyzes institutional characteristics and activities of the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council. In particular, the study provides cultural heritage institutions with policy strategies for social inclusion. Futhermore, it discusses how the establishment of a nation-level cultural collaborative body impacts on an archival areas in depth. The case study of the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council is expected to be an important reference for building a cooperative cultural heritage institution model in South Korea.

초록

최근 다양한 형태의 디지털 기록물들이 증가하면서 이를 기술하고 접근을 제공하는 방식에도 변화가 요구되는 실정이다. 미국, 호주, 영국 등 해외의 문화유산기관에서는 방대한 양의 기록을 한 눈에 브라우징 할 수 있도록 해주는 인터랙티브 시각화를 도입하여 기록물에 접근하는 방식을 다양화하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인터랙티브 시각화 기법을 기록물에 적용하기 위해 인터랙티브 시각화의 필요성을 조명하고 해외 문화유산기관의 인터랙티브 시각화 사례를 분석하였다. 사례분석을 통해 도출한 공통된 시각화 요소 및 기법을 적용하여 국가기록원의 기록물을 다양한 방식으로 시각화하였다.

Abstract

As the amount of digital collections has been increasing, a new approach is needed to improve access to records. Interactive visualization allows users to more easily browse and navigate across large collections. Cultural heritage institutions in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia introduced interactive visualization techniques to diversify ways by which to access archival records. This study aims to propose a method for applying interactive visualization to archival collections. It began with an analysis of interactive visualization cases in overseas cultural heritage institutions. Based on the analysis, a visualization of the collections held by the National Archives of Korea using various interactive visualization techniques was suggested.

초록

본 연구는 저작권법 제35조의 4에 신설된 고아저작물 이용에 대한 예외규정의 문제점을 분석하고 그 개선을 위한 고려사항을 제안하기 위하여 기존 관련규정과 비교하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과와 제안은 다음과 같다. (1) 본 예외규정이 운영 주체라는 요건으로만 적용대상 기관을 제한하고 하위법을 통하여 도서관, 박물관, 미술관에만 적용하는 것은 이 규정의 도입취지에 부합하지 않으므로 기록관리기관이 포함될 수 있도록 개정이 필요하다. (2) 저작권법 제31조 등과의 조화나 문화유산기관 소장자료가 상호 연계되어 가치 있게 이용될 수 있도록 법 개정이 이루어져야 한다. (3) 기록관리기관에는 무수히 많은 미공표저작물이 보관되어 있음을 고려하여 고아저작물 예외규정이 미공표저작물에도 적용되도록 개정될 필요가 있다.

Abstract

This study analyzed the issues on Article 35-4 of the Copyright Act of Korea, a new provision on the use of orphan works. The new provision was compared to other related provisions, and considerations were suggested for their improvement. The main results are summarized as follows: (1) Article 35-4 is contradictory to other provisions and needs further revisions as it limits the subject of application to the main body of operation and applies only to some libraries, museums, and galleries through its ordinances; (2) a new provision on the use of orphan works must be applied to archives to harmonize with Article 31 and use the interconnection between cultural heritage institutions more beneficially; and (3) considering that there are many unpublished works in the archives, Article 35-4 should be revised to also be applicable to those works.

초록

Abstract

A large part of the vast amounts of information produced in the world is born digital, and comes in a wide variety of formats: text, database, audio, film, image. During the meeting of the Organization's Executive Board in May 2001, Member States agreed on the need for rapid action to safeguard digital heritage. The interest of UNESCO in this situation comes as no surprise. UNESCO exists in part to encourage and enable the preservation and enjoyment of the cultural, scientific and information heritage of the world's peoples. The growth of digital heritage and its vulnerability could hardly go unnoticed. Our societies have witnessed the end of the paradigm of the written archive, a paradigm that had developed over hundreds of years. Throughout the twentieth century new media have wisely and modestly joined this prestigious tradition. This paradigm has already been transformed, and the devices in place are unable to deal with the brutal advance of information technologies, and the quantitative inflation which they cause. This goes beyond those institutions specializing in the management of memory: a whole new regime of information will have to be constructed, and quickly, completely transforming old memory and archiving systems. If this shift does not take place, our societies will suffer irremediable damage in their collective social memory.

초록

Abstract

This study investigates the current preservation and management of four records and documentary heritage in Korea that is in the UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. The study analyzes their problems and corresponding solutions in digitizing those world records heritages. This study also reviews additional four documentary books in Korea that are in the wish list to add to UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. This study is organized as the following: Chapter 2 examines the value and meanings of world records and documentary heritage in Korea. The registry requirements and procedures of UNESCO's Memory of the World Register are examined. The currently registered records of Korea include Hunmin-Chongum, the Annals of the Choson Dynasty, the Diaries of the Royal Secretariat (Seungjeongwon Ilgi), and Buljo- Jikji-Simche-Yojeol (vol. Ⅱ). These records heritage's worth and significance are carefully analyzed. For example, Hunmin-Chongum(「訓民正音」) is consisted of unique and systematic letters. Letters were delicately explained with examples in its original manual at the time of letter's creation, which is an unparalleled case in the world documentary history. The Annals of the Choson Dynasty(「朝鮮王朝實錄」) are the most comprehensive historic documents that contain the longest period of time in history. Their truthfulness and reliability in describing history give credits to the annals. The Royal Secretariat Diary (called Seungjeongwon-Ilgi(「承政院日記」)) is the most voluminous primary resources in history, superior to the Annals of Choson Dynasty and Twenty Five Histories in China. Jikji(「直指」) is the oldest existing book published by movable metal print sets in the world. It evidences the beginning of metal printing in the world printing history and is worthy of being as world heritage. The review of the four registered records confirms that they are valuable world documentary heritage that transfers culture of mankind to next generations and should be preserved carefully and safely without deterioration or loss. Chapter 3 investigates the current status of preservation and management of three repositories that store the four registered records in Korea. The repositories include Kyujanggak Archives in Seoul National University, Pusan Records and Information Center of National Records and Archives Service, and Gansong Art Museum. The quality of their preservation and management are excellent in all of three institutions by the following aspects: 1) detailed security measures are close to perfection 2) archiving practices are very careful by using a special stack room in steady temperature and humidity and depositing it in stack or archival box made of paulownia tree and 3) fire prevention, lighting, and fumigation are thoroughly prepared. Chapter 4 summarizes the status quo of digitization projects of records heritage in Korea. The most important issue related to digitization and database construction on Korean records heritage is likely to set up the standardization of digitization processes and facilities. It is urgently necessary to develop comprehensive standard systems for digitization. Two institutions are closely interested in these tasks: 1) the National Records and Archives Service experienced in developing government records management systems; and 2) the Cultural Heritage Administration interested in digitization of Korean old documents. In collaboration of these two institutions, a new standard system will be designed for digitizing records heritage on Korean Studies. Chapter 5 deals with additional Korean records heritage in the wish list for UNESCO's Memory of the World Register, including: 1) Wooden Printing Blocks(經板) of Koryo-Taejangkyong(高麗大藏經) in Haein Temple(海印寺); 2) Dongui-Bogam(「東醫寶鑑」) 3) Samguk-Yusa(「三國遺事」) and 4) Mugujeonggwangdaedaranigyeong(「無垢淨光大다羅尼經」). Their world value and importance are examined as followings. Wooden Printing Blocks of Koryo-Taejangkyong in Haein Temple is the worldly oldest wooden printing block of cannon of Buddhism that still exist and was created over 750 years ago. It needs a special conservation treatment to disinfect germs residing in surface and inside of wooden plates. Otherwise, it may be damaged seriously. For its effective conservation and preservation, we hope that UNESCO and Government will schedule special care and budget and join the list of Memory of the Word Register. Dongui-Bogam is the most comprehensive and well-written medical book in the Korean history, summarizing all medical books in Korea and China from the Ancient Times through the early 17th century and concentrating on Korean herb medicine and prescriptions. It is proved as the best clinical guidebook in the 17th century for doctors and practitioners to easily use. The book was also published in China and Japan in the 18th century and greatly influenced the development of practical clinic and medical research in Asia at that time. This is why Dongui Bogam is in the wish list to register to the Memory of the World. Samguk-Yusa is evaluated as one of the most comprehensive history books and treasure sources in Korea, which illustrates foundations of Korean people and covers histories and cultures of ancient Korean peninsula and nearby countries. The book contains the oldest fixed form verse, called Hyang-Ka(鄕歌), and became the origin of Korean literature. In particular, the section of Gi-ee(紀異篇) describes the historical processes of dynasty transition from the first dynasty Gochosun(古朝鮮) to Goguryeo(高句麗) and illustrates the identity of Korean people from its historical origin. This book is worthy of adding to the Memory of the World Register. Mugujeonggwangdaedaranigyeong is the oldest book printed by wooden type plates, and it is estimated to print in between 706 and 751. It contains several reasons and evidence to be worthy of adding to the list of the Memory of the World. It is the greatest documentary heritage that represents the first wooden printing book that still exists in the world as well as illustrates the history of wooden printing in Korea.

초록

현재 우리나라는 학령인구의 감소에 따라 다수의 학교들이 폐교될 위기에 직면해있으며 지역사회에서는 교육기관을 통폐합하는 사례가 늘고 있다. 이로 인해 과거 교육문화의 변화를 보여줄 역사적, 문화적으로 가치 있는 다수의 교육 관련 기록물들이 멸실⋅훼손될 위기에 처해 있다. 특히 교육 행정박물은 과거 교육기관의 운영에 따른 이력과 이에 담긴 교육적 의미를 효과적으로 보여줄 수 있는 중요한 기록이자 문화유산임에도 불구하고 체계적인 관리 방안이 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 교육 행정박물이 가진 특성을 기록학적 관점과 문화유산적 관점에서 고찰하고, 이를 효과적으로 관리하기 위해 필요한 기능을 도출하기 위해 현재 공공기관에서 도입하고 있는 표준기록관리시스템, 특수유형 기록물 관리시스템, 사료 관리시스템의 주요 기능을 비교⋅검토하였다. 나아가 J 교육대학의 행정박물 보유현황 및 관리 사례 분석을 통해, 교육 행정박물 관리를 위한 시스템의 필수 기능과 이에 따른 메뉴 구성안을 제시함으로써 연구 결과의 실효성을 검증하였다.

Abstract

Many Korean schools are in danger of closure because of a decreasing school-age population, and cases of consolidation of educational institutions in the local community are on the rise. A number of educational records, particularly educational administrative artifacts (hereafter “Edu Artifacts”), are accordingly in danger of disappearing. Despite their historical, cultural, and educational value, systematic management is far from satisfactory. This study thus examines the characteristics of Edu Artifacts from the archival and cultural heritage perspectives and compares standard records management system, special type records management system, and historical manuscripts management system, which are currently used in public institutions, to see what is required to manage them effectively. By analyzing the Edu Artifacts possession status and management system of J University of Education, This study intends to verify the research outcome’s effectiveness by presenting the essential functions of the management system of Edu Artifacts and the corresponding menu structure.

초록

디지털 시대로 들어서면서 문화유산기관들의 정보자원 공유 및 통합서비스에 대한 필요성이 점차 높아지고 있으며 여러 나라들이 이러한 기관들의 자원공유를 목표로 통합과 협력을 시도하고 있다. 본 연구는 일본의 국립국회도서관과 국립공문서관의 공통점과 상이점을 비교한 후 향후 협력 방안을 도출하였다. 이를 위해 홈페이지와 관련 문헌 및 법령을 중심으로 역사, 체제, 법령, 정책, 그리고 서비스 등을 분석하였다. 양 기관의 협력 방안으로는 소장 자료의 역사 관련 통합 DB와 재난 정보 아카이브의 구축, 공동전시회 개최, 학습 프로그램을 제시하였다.

Abstract

From the beginning of the digital age, the need for cultural heritage institutions to share information resources and integrate services has increased, causing many countries to make efforts for cooperation and integration. In line with this, this study examines the similarities and differences between the National Diet Library of Japan and the National Archives of Japan, seeking ways for further cooperation between the two organizations. Their websites, articles, and legislations were reviewed to analyze their histories, systems, laws, policies, and services. In conclusion, building an integrated database for materials in history and an archive for disaster information, as well as conducting joint exhibitions and learning programs, were drawn as viable ways for collaboration.

초록

아카이브 전시는 아카이브의 가치를 높이고 이용자의 관심 및 긍정적인 이미지를 높이는데 기여하는 아카이브의 중요한 업무 중 하나이지만, 아직까지도 활성화가 되지 못하고 있다. 최근 기록콘텐츠를 이용하여 일방적인 정보전달식의 아카이브 전시에서 벗어난 이용자의 관심과 이해를 이끌어낼 수 있는 새로운 전시방안을 시도하고 모색하는 움직임이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 국내 문화유산 기관의 전시 사례들을 종합 분석하여 기록콘텐츠를 활용한 아카이브 전시 활성화 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 기록콘텐츠를 통하여 기록에 대한 이해와 활용을 증진하는 방안에 초점을 두고, 본 연구에서 제안한 아카이브 전시프로그램 개발 전략은 3-way 콘텐츠 기반 전시, 체험 기반 전시, 디지털 환경 기반의 아카이브 전시이다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 이용자의 관심과 이해를 이끌어낼 수 있는 아카이브 전시프로그램 설계에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

Abstract

Archive exhibitions are one of the important tasks of archives that promote the value of archives and contribute to increasing users’ interest and positive image but have not yet been activated. Recently, there has been a shift from a one-way archive exhibition to a new way to draw attention and understanding from users by using archival contents. This study aims to propose ways to activate archive exhibitions by utilizing archival contents by analyzing the exhibits of domestic cultural heritage institutions. Focusing on ways to improve the understanding and utilization of records through archival contents, the proposed strategy for developing archive exhibition programs is a three-way contents-based exhibition, experiential exhibition, and digital environment-based exhibition. The results of this study are expected to help develop archival exhibition programs that will enhance users’ interest and understanding of records.

초록

쌍방향적 정보의 교류와 접근을 가능하게 하는 정보기술의 발달을 배경으로 등장한 전자정부와 이를 지원하기 위해 제정된 전자정부법은 온라인을 통해 정부 정보를 적극적으로 제공할 것을 규정하고 있다. 이는 공공기관의 기록관리 환경에 많은 변화를 가져왔을 뿐만 아니라, 국민들이 정부정보로 접근하는 것을 더욱 확고하게 보장하였다. 공공기관이 온라인으로 정보자원을 정확하고 효율적으로 제공하도록 하는 한편, 정부가 제공하는 각종 정보자원 국민들이 편리하고 빠르게 찾을 수 있도록 돕기 위해서는 이를 지원하는 공공인프라의 구축과 함께 전자정부 메타데이터의 개발이 필요하다. 우리나라의 경우 아직 표준화된 전자정부 메타데이터는 없지만 ‘GILS Core 엘리먼트’가 이와 유사한 기능을 하고 있다. 하지만 GILS Core 엘리먼트는 기술 대상으로 기록을 고려하지 않은 채 개발되어 많은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 온라인으로 제공되는 정부 정보자원의 대부분을 차지할 기록의 특성을 고려하여 전자정부 메타데이터 표준을 제안하였다.

Abstract

With development of information technology that allows bidirectional exchange and access of information made possible the formation of e-Government. The e-Government and the E-Government Act established for its support provides a tool for online access of government information. This brought on many changes in the recordkeeping environment of public institutions, and also guarantees access of government information by the general public. The active disclosure of government information was re-confirmed through the Freedom of Information act that was amended in 2004, and through its contents that offer guidelines for administrative information disclosure and announcements (Prime Minister Orders No.422). As a result of this effort, Ministry of Culture and Tourism Cultural Heritage Administration provide real time update of their homepages with focus on key organizational policies and records. Such changes are expected to other various public organizations. In order for public organizations to accurately and efficiently provide information sources, and in order to provide the public with easy access to such information, development of public infrastructure along with e-Government metadata are necessary. Korea does not yet have e-government metadata that has been standardized, although “GILF Core Element” has analogous functions. However, GILS Core element has been developed without recordkeeping intent, and it has not been successful in establishing a connection with recordkeeping metadata. Therefore, in this study, criteria for e-government metadata are proposed.